INTERVIEW BASED QUETIONS(PART-2)
INTERVIEW BASED QUETIONS(PART-2)
1.Define Distillation, Simple distillation, Steam distillation, vacuum distillation,Azeotropic distillation, Extractive distillation and Fractional distillation?
→Distillation: – Distillation is unit operation in which liquid mixture is separated based ontheir boiling point difference and relative volatility by means of thermal energy.
→Simple Distillation: – when the boiling point difference of two liquid in mixture is highthen we can use simple distillation.
Ex: – A mixture of acetone (B.P. – 57 ˚c) & water (B.P. – 100 ˚c) can be separated bysimple distillation because boiling point difference is high.
→Steam distillation: – Steam distillation is used for
-Separating high boiling components from Nonvolatile impurities by using steam.
-For separating high boiling fraction where there are chances of decomposition of materialat high temperature.
→Vacuum Distillation: – It is the type of distillation in which the liquid mixture is to bedistilled out in the vacuum which is less than the atmospheric pressure.
→Azeotropic Distillation: – (When Boiling point difference is very low)
In Azeotropic distillation a third component called entrainer is added to the mixture which forms a new low boiling azeotrope with one of the components which is distilled out first.
Ex – Acetic acid (B.P. – 115 ˚c) and water (B.P. - 100 ˚c) mixture, the butyl acetate (B.P. – 90 ˚c) is added as entrainer and it forms azeotrope with water in the mixture. Water and butyl acetate is distilled out while acetic acid is remain as residue.
→Extractive Distillation: - Also used when boiling point difference is very close
In Extractive distillation solvent is added which alter the relative volatility of the original components, thus permitting separation.
Ex – In Toluene (B.P – 111 ˚c) and Iso-octane (B.P. – 100 ˚c) liquid mixture, phenol (B.P. – 182 ˚c) is added as solvent, Iso-octane is removed as distillate and toluene and phenol removed as residue.
→Fractional Distillation: – It is used for separating more than two components from theliquid mixture
Ex – Crude oil
2.What is principle of vacuum distillation & Define Vacuum?
→Vacuum is pressure less than atmospheric pressure, when it is applied at that time liquid boils before its boiling point.
Vacuum: – Pressure below the atmospheric pressure is called vacuum.
13.MSDS (Three or Four sentences)
→MSDS – Material safety data sheet. It includes…
-Product information
-Hazard information
-Fire and explosive hazardness
-First aid measure
-Safety information
4.State Boyle law, Charles law, Gay-Lussac law?
→Boyle law: – For a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume is inverselyproportional to the pressure.
V α 1/pT – Constant
→Charles law: - For a fixed mass of gas at constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature.
V α T P – Constant
→Gay-Lussac law: - For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature.
P α T V – Constant
5.What is the value of Avogadro number & It’s Significance?
→Avogadro number is the defined as the number of particle (Molecule, atoms, compound)per moles of substance.
Value of Avogadro number is 6.022 × 1023 Mol-1, and expressed as the symbol NA.
6.Define Freezing point? Write the Freezing point of Methanol, Ethanol, Benzene,Acetone, Toluene?
→Freezing point: – The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes to asolid when cooled.
7.Define Moles & Mole fraction.
→Mole: – It is the number of molecule present in molecular weight of substance.
→Mole Fraction: – It is the ratio of the moles of individual components to the total moles ofcompound.
8.Define Normality, Molarity, Molality.
→Normality: – Normality is defined as the number of equivalents weight of solutedissolved in one liter of solution.
→Molarity: – Molarity is defined as the number of molecular weight of solute dissolvedin one liter of solution.
→Molality: – Molality is defined as the number of molecular weight of solute dissolvedin one kilogram of solution.
9.Define Enthalpy. Write the two units of Enthalpy.
→Enthalpy is defined as thermodynamic state function denoted by letter “H”, that consistsof internal energy system (U) plus product Pressure (P) & Volume(V) of the system.
H = U + pV
Unit - Joule, Calories
10.Write driving force in Mass transfer operation, Heat transfer operation, Momentumtransfer operation.
→Mass transfer operation: – Transfer of mass from higher concentration to lowerconcentration.
→Heat transfer operation: – Transfer of heat from higher temperature to lowertemperature.
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